What design method did the researchers use in their study of vocal loudness production?

What design method did the researchers use in their study of vocal loudness production?

• A. Between-subjects design with varied groups
• B. Cross-sectional study with multiple time points
• C. Within-subjects design measuring the same subjects under different conditions
• D. Longitudinal study tracking changes over time

Answer: (C)

The researchers utilized a within-subjects design to study vocal loudness production because this approach allows for the examination of individual performance across varying conditions. By measuring the same subjects under different circumstances, researchers can directly compare the effects of those conditions on vocal loudness within the same individuals. This method is particularly advantageous as it controls for individual differences, such as intrinsic vocal ability and personality traits, which could otherwise confound results in a between-subjects design. In a within-subjects design, each participant serves as their own control, which enhances the reliability of the data since variations in vocal loudness can be attributed more confidently to the imposed experimental conditions rather than to differences between participant groups. This is critical in studies of vocal performance where individual variability might significantly influence outcomes.

The researchers utilized a within-subjects design to study vocal loudness production because this approach allows for the examination of individual performance across varying conditions. By measuring the same subjects under different circumstances, researchers can directly compare the effects of those conditions on vocal loudness within the same individuals. This method is particularly advantageous as it controls for individual differences, such as intrinsic vocal ability and personality traits, which could otherwise confound results in a between-subjects design.

In a within-subjects design, each participant serves as their own control, which enhances the reliability of the data since variations in vocal loudness can be attributed more confidently to the imposed experimental conditions rather than to differences between participant groups. This is critical in studies of vocal performance where individual variability might significantly influence outcomes.