Research on intensive phonemic-awareness treatment in children has shown that its effects:

Research on intensive phonemic-awareness treatment in children has shown that its effects:

• A. Are effective only for ages 4 to 8
• B. Are primarily with children who have remediated phonological errors
• C. Are limited to those with supplemental literacy programs
• D. Might not have a direct relationship to reading improvement

Answer: (D)

The choice indicating that intensive phonemic-awareness treatment's effects might not have a direct relationship to reading improvement is supported by recent research findings in the field of speech-language pathology. While phonemic awareness is a critical skill for reading development, studies have highlighted that the mere improvement in phonemic awareness does not automatically correlate with enhanced reading abilities. This suggests that, although phonemic awareness is foundational, other factors and skills (such as vocabulary development, comprehension strategies, and overall literacy experiences) play substantial roles in reading growth. It's important to understand that while phonemic awareness can be significant, its impact on reading proficiency may vary among individuals. This underscores the complexity of literacy development, where multiple linguistic and cognitive components interact, and reinforces the need for a holistic approach in literacy instruction beyond just phonemic awareness training.

The choice indicating that intensive phonemic-awareness treatment's effects might not have a direct relationship to reading improvement is supported by recent research findings in the field of speech-language pathology. While phonemic awareness is a critical skill for reading development, studies have highlighted that the mere improvement in phonemic awareness does not automatically correlate with enhanced reading abilities. This suggests that, although phonemic awareness is foundational, other factors and skills (such as vocabulary development, comprehension strategies, and overall literacy experiences) play substantial roles in reading growth.

It's important to understand that while phonemic awareness can be significant, its impact on reading proficiency may vary among individuals. This underscores the complexity of literacy development, where multiple linguistic and cognitive components interact, and reinforces the need for a holistic approach in literacy instruction beyond just phonemic awareness training.